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Persistence is achieved by adding plist files in /Library/LaunchDaemons with RunAtLoad set to true. Each version of the miner can run two images at once, each taking 128 MB of RAM and one CPU core. All of them include dependencies needed to run QEMU in installerdata.dmg from which all files are copied over to /usr/local/bin and have appropriate permissions set along the way. We’ve identified three macOS versions of this malware so far. While analyzing the different applications, we’ve identified four versions of the miner, mostly based on how it’s bundled with the actual software, the C&C server domain, and something we believe is a version string created by the author.
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Scripts inside the virtual machine can contact the C&C server to update the miner (configuration and binaries).The Linux virtual machine is launched and the mining starts.LoudMiner hides itself and becomes persistent on reboot.
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LoudMiner is installed first, the actual VST software after.
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“Unfortunately, had to reinstall OSX, the problem was that Ableton Live 10, which I have downloaded it from a torrent site and not from the official site, installs a miner too, running at the background causing this.” The same user attached screenshots of the Activity Monitor indicating 2 processes – qemu-system-x86_64 and tools-service – taking 25% of CPU resources and running as root.” Analysis of pirated applications Here are some examples of applications, as well as some comments you can find on the website:Ī user named “Macloni” ( ) said the following: Moreover, the decision to use virtual machines instead of a leaner solution is quite remarkable and this is not something we routinely see. The attackers use this to their advantage to camouflage their VM images. Also, these applications are usually complex, so it is not unexpected for them to be huge files. Regarding the nature of the applications targeted, it is interesting to observe that their purpose is related to audio production thus, the machines that they are installed on should have good processing power and high CPU consumption will not surprise the users. The admins of the site also frequently update the applications with newer versions, making it difficult to track the very first version of the miner. The applications themselves are not hosted on the WordPress-based site, but on 29 external servers, which can be found in the IoCs section. The size of the apps makes it impractical to analyze them all, but it seems safe to assume they are all Trojanized. The first application – Kontakt Native Instruments 5.7 for Windows – was uploaded on the same day. DistributionĪt the time of writing, there are 137 VST-related applications (42 for Windows and 95 for macOS) available on a single WordPress-based website with a domain registered on 24 August, 2018. The miner itself is based on XMRig (Monero) and uses a mining pool, thus it is impossible to retrace potential transactions. It comes bundled with pirated copies of VST software. It uses virtualization software – QEMU on macOS and VirtualBox on Windows – to mine cryptocurrency on a Tiny Core Linux virtual machine, making it cross platform. LoudMiner is an unusual case of a persistent cryptocurrency miner, distributed for macOS and Windows since August 2018. The story of a Linux miner bundled with pirated copies of VST (Virtual Studio Technology) software for Windows and macOS Introduction